Ovarian cancer, often called the "silent killer" due to its subtle symptoms, is one of the most serious gynecologic cancers. Early detection can significantly improve outcomes, but there is no standard screening test for women at average risk. At ID Cancer Center, we are committed to providing information and resources to help women understand their risks and the importance of monitoring for ovarian cancer. This blog covers the essentials of ovarian cancer screening, including current methods, guidelines, and the benefits of early detection.

What is Ovarian Cancer Screening?

Ovarian cancer screening involves tests and evaluations to detect ovarian cancer before symptoms appear. Unlike breast or cervical cancer, there is no widely recommended screening test for ovarian cancer for women at average risk. However, certain tests may be used for those at high risk or when symptoms are present.

Types of Ovarian Cancer Screening and Diagnostic Tests

Transvaginal Ultrasound (TVUS):

TVUS uses sound waves to create images of the ovaries and detect abnormalities.

It is often used to evaluate symptoms or monitor women at high risk for ovarian cancer.

While TVUS can detect masses or cysts, it cannot definitively determine if they are cancerous.

CA-125 Blood Test:

CA-125 is a protein that is often elevated in women with ovarian cancer.

This blood test measures the level of CA-125 in the blood.

Used in conjunction with other tests, especially for women at high risk or those with symptoms.

Pelvic Exam:

A pelvic exam allows a healthcare provider to feel the ovaries and other pelvic organs for abnormalities.

Often part of a routine gynecological check-up but not highly effective in detecting ovarian cancer early.

Who Should Get Screened?

Routine screening for ovarian cancer is not recommended for women at average risk. However, certain women should be more vigilant:

High-Risk Women: Women with a family history of ovarian cancer, BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutations, Lynch syndrome, or a personal history of breast cancer should discuss their risks and screening options with their healthcare provider.

Women with Symptoms: Women experiencing persistent symptoms like bloating, pelvic or abdominal pain, difficulty eating or feeling full quickly, and urinary symptoms should seek medical evaluation.

Benefits and Risks of Ovarian Cancer Screening

Benefits:

Early detection of ovarian cancer can lead to earlier, more effective treatment.

Monitoring high-risk women can help identify cancer before it spreads.

Increased awareness and vigilance can lead to prompt investigation of symptoms.

Risks:

False positives can lead to anxiety, unnecessary follow-up tests, and procedures.

False negatives may occur, delaying diagnosis and treatment.

Some diagnostic procedures, like surgeries, can cause complications.

How to Prepare for Ovarian Cancer Screening

Discuss with Your Healthcare Provider:

Talk to your healthcare provider about your risk factors, family history, and any symptoms you are experiencing.

Understand the potential benefits and limitations of screening tests.

Follow Pre-Test Instructions:

If undergoing tests like TVUS or CA-125, follow any specific instructions provided by your healthcare provider.

Symptoms to Watch For

Even without routine screening, being aware of ovarian cancer symptoms is crucial. Consult a healthcare provider if you experience any of the following:

Persistent bloating or abdominal swelling.

Pelvic or abdominal pain.

Difficulty eating or feeling full quickly.

Frequent or urgent urination.

Fatigue, back pain, or unexplained weight loss.