Introduction

Interventional radiology (IR) is an innovative medical specialty that combines imaging technology with minimally invasive procedures to diagnose and treat various conditions, including cancer.

What is Interventional Radiology?

Interventional radiology uses imaging techniques such as X-rays, CT scans, MRI, and ultrasound to guide the insertion of small instruments and tools into the body. This allows for precise targeting of specific areas, reducing the need for traditional open surgery. IR procedures can be diagnostic, such as biopsies, or therapeutic, such as tumor ablation or embolization.

Key Applications in Cancer Care

Tumor Ablation:

Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA): Uses heat generated by radiofrequency waves to destroy cancer cells.

Microwave Ablation (MWA): Similar to RFA but uses microwaves for higher temperatures and faster treatment.

Cryoablation: Involves freezing cancer cells to kill them.

Chemoembolization and Radioembolization:

Chemoembolization: Delivers chemotherapy drugs directly to the tumor while blocking its blood supply, maximizing drug concentration and minimizing systemic exposure.

Radioembolization: Uses radioactive particles to target tumors, often used in liver cancer treatment.

Biopsies and Drainages:

Biopsy: A minimally invasive method to obtain tissue samples for cancer diagnosis.

Drainage Procedures: Used to remove excess fluids from the body, such as in the case of pleural effusion or ascites, which are common in cancer patients.

Venous Access:

Port Placement: Insertion of a small device under the skin to facilitate long-term intravenous access for chemotherapy or other treatments.

Benefits of Interventional Radiology

Minimally Invasive: IR procedures typically involve small incisions or punctures, reducing the risk of infection, scarring, and complications compared to open surgery.

Quick Recovery: Patients often experience shorter hospital stays and faster recovery times, allowing them to return to normal activities sooner.

Precision: The use of advanced imaging technologies enables highly accurate targeting of tumors or affected areas, sparing healthy tissues.

Pain Management: IR techniques can be used to manage pain in cancer patients, such as nerve blocks or vertebroplasty for bone metastases.