Colorectal cancer, encompassing cancers of the colon and rectum, is a significant health concern but is often highly treatable when detected early. At ID Cancer Center, we emphasize the importance of regular colorectal cancer screening to identify and address potential issues before they become severe. This blog outlines the essential aspects of colorectal cancer screening, including methods, guidelines, and the benefits of early detection.

What is Colorectal Cancer Screening?

Colorectal cancer screening involves tests that detect abnormalities or cancer in the colon or rectum. The primary goal is to find precancerous polyps or early-stage cancers, which can be removed or treated before they develop into more serious conditions.

Types of Colorectal Cancer Screening

Colonoscopy:

A colonoscopy involves using a long, flexible tube with a camera to examine the entire colon and rectum.

It can detect and remove polyps during the same procedure, preventing them from becoming cancerous.

Recommended every 10 years for average-risk individuals starting at age 45.

Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT):

FIT is a non-invasive test that detects hidden blood in the stool, which can be a sign of cancer or large polyps.

Recommended annually for individuals starting at age 45.

Stool DNA Test (e.g., Cologuard):

This test detects DNA changes in cells shed in the stool that may indicate cancer or precancerous polyps.

Recommended every three years for average-risk individuals starting at age 45.

Flexible Sigmoidoscopy:

Similar to a colonoscopy, but examines only the lower part of the colon.

Recommended every five years, often combined with FIT every year.

CT Colonography (Virtual Colonoscopy):

A non-invasive imaging procedure that uses CT scans to create detailed images of the colon and rectum.

Recommended every five years for average-risk individuals starting at age 45.

Who Should Get Screened?

Screening recommendations vary based on age, family history, and risk factors:

Average-risk individuals: Begin screening at age 45 and continue until age 75. Options include colonoscopy every 10 years, FIT annually, stool DNA test every three years, or other methods as advised by your healthcare provider.

High-risk individuals: Those with a family history of colorectal cancer, genetic predispositions, or certain medical conditions may need to start screening earlier and more frequently. Discuss with your healthcare provider for personalized recommendations.

Benefits and Risks of Colorectal Cancer Screening

Benefits:

Early detection of cancer when it is most treatable.

Removal of polyps before they become cancerous.

Reduction in colorectal cancer incidence and mortality.

Risks:

Possible discomfort or complications from procedures like colonoscopy, including bleeding or perforation (though rare).

False positives can lead to additional testing and anxiety.

False negatives, while rare, could miss early-stage cancer.

How to Prepare for Colorectal Cancer Screening

Colonoscopy:

Follow a clear-liquid diet and use a prescribed bowel prep to cleanse your colon.

Arrange for someone to drive you home after the procedure due to sedation.

FIT or Stool DNA Test:

No special preparation is needed. Follow the instructions provided with the test kit.

CT Colonography:

Similar to colonoscopy, you will need to cleanse your colon with a prescribed bowel prep.