Endometrial cancer, also known as uterine cancer, affects the lining of the uterus and is the most common gynecological cancer in the United States. Early detection is crucial for effective treatment and improved outcomes. At ID Cancer Center, we are committed to providing information and resources to help women understand the importance of endometrial cancer screening and how to stay proactive about their health.

What is Endometrial Cancer Screening?

Endometrial cancer screening involves tests and evaluations to detect cancer or precancerous changes in the endometrium (the lining of the uterus) before symptoms appear. Unlike other cancers, there is no routine screening test recommended for women at average risk. However, certain diagnostic procedures are used when symptoms or high-risk factors are present.

Types of Endometrial Cancer Screening and Diagnostic Tests

Transvaginal Ultrasound (TVUS):

TVUS uses sound waves to create images of the uterus and measure the thickness of the endometrium.

It is often used when a woman has symptoms like abnormal bleeding.

Thickening of the endometrium can be an indication of cancer or other conditions.

Endometrial Biopsy:

This procedure involves taking a small sample of the endometrial tissue to be examined under a microscope.

It is the most definitive way to diagnose endometrial cancer.

Recommended for women experiencing abnormal uterine bleeding, especially after menopause.

Hysteroscopy:

A hysteroscope, a thin, lighted tube, is inserted into the uterus through the vagina to allow the doctor to see the endometrial lining and take tissue samples if necessary.

Used to diagnose and sometimes treat conditions causing abnormal bleeding.

Dilation and Curettage (D&C):

Involves dilating the cervix and scraping tissue from the lining of the uterus.

Often performed if an endometrial biopsy is inconclusive.

Who Should Be Screened?

Routine screening for endometrial cancer is not typically recommended for women at average risk. However, certain women should be more vigilant:

Postmenopausal Women: Any postmenopausal bleeding should be evaluated by a healthcare provider.

Women with Risk Factors: Women with a family history of endometrial cancer, Lynch syndrome (a genetic condition that increases the risk of several cancers), obesity, diabetes, or those who have never been pregnant should discuss their risks with their healthcare provider.

Women on Tamoxifen: This drug, used to treat breast cancer, can increase the risk of endometrial cancer.

Benefits and Risks of Endometrial Cancer Screening

Benefits:

Early detection of cancer can lead to more effective treatment and a better prognosis.

Identifying and treating precancerous conditions can prevent the development of cancer.

Increased awareness and monitoring for women at high risk.

Risks:

False positives can lead to unnecessary anxiety and additional testing.

False negatives, although rare, may delay diagnosis and treatment.

Some diagnostic procedures, like biopsies, can cause discomfort and minor complications.

Symptoms to Watch For

Even without routine screening, being aware of the symptoms of endometrial cancer is crucial. Consult a healthcare provider if you experience any of the following:

Abnormal uterine bleeding or discharge, especially after menopause.

Pelvic pain or pressure.

Unexplained weight loss.

Difficulty or pain during urination.