Vulva cancer (also called vulvar cancer) is a rare gynecological cancer that develops on the outer parts of the female genital area, including the labia, clitoris, and surrounding tissues. While uncommon, early diagnosis and timely treatment significantly improve outcomes and preserve quality of life.

What Is Vulva Cancer?

Vulva cancer usually begins in the skin cells of the vulva, most commonly:

1. Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Most Common)

Arises from the surface skin layer; accounts for over 85% of cases.

2. Melanoma of the Vulva

A rare but aggressive type originating from pigment cells.

3. Basal Cell Carcinoma

Less common but usually slower growing.

4. Vulvar Adenocarcinoma & Sarcoma

Rare tumors that require specialized treatment approaches.

Risk Factors

Certain factors increase the likelihood of developing vulva cancer:

• HPV (Human Papillomavirus) infection

• Increasing age (more common in women over 60)

• Lichen sclerosus and chronic skin irritation

• Smoking

• HIV infection

• History of cervical or vaginal cancer

• Immunosuppression

Regular gynecologic checkups help detect precancerous changes early.

Signs & Symptoms of Vulva Cancer

Early stages may show subtle signs. Common symptoms include:

• Persistent itching or burning in the vulva

• A lump, growth, or thickening of vulvar skin

• Red, white, or dark patches

• Unusual bleeding or discharge

• Pain or tenderness

• Painful urination

• Open sores that do not heal

• A mass or swollen lymph nodes in the groin

Any persistent vulvar symptom should be evaluated promptly.

How Vulva Cancer Is Diagnosed

At I D Cancer Center, we ensure accurate and timely diagnosis through:

1. Physical & Gynecological Examination

Detailed inspection of vulvar skin and surrounding tissues.

2. Biopsy (Gold Standard)

A small tissue sample confirms the presence and type of cancer.

3. Colposcopy / Vulvoscopy

Magnified view of the vulva for detecting abnormal areas.

4. Imaging Tests

• MRI – determines local spread

• CT scan – evaluates lymph nodes and organs

• PET-CT – checks for distant spread

Stages of Vulva Cancer

• Stage I: Cancer limited to the vulva

• Stage II: Spread to nearby structures

• Stage III: Lymph node involvement

• Stage IV: Spread to bladder, rectum, or distant organs

Staging helps plan the most effective treatment.

Treatment Options at I D Cancer Center

We provide individualized, multidisciplinary care to ensure the best possible outcomes.

1. Surgery

Primary treatment for most early-stage vulva cancers:

• Wide local excision

• Partial or radical vulvectomy

• Lymph node removal (sentinel node biopsy or groin dissection)

We focus on preserving function, appearance, and quality of life.

2. Radiation Therapy (IMRT / VMAT / IGRT / Adaptive RT)

Radiation therapy is used for:

• Locally advanced tumors

• Lymph node involvement

• Post-surgery (to reduce recurrence)

• Patients not fit for surgery

At I D Cancer Center, we use IMRT, VMAT, and IGRT for highly precise radiation delivery, minimizing side effects to nearby organs such as the bladder, rectum, and groin.

3. Chemotherapy

• Cisplatin

• 5-FU

• Carboplatin

4. Immunotherapy / Targeted Therapy

Used for selected advanced or recurrent vulva cancers.

Why Choose I D Cancer Center?

• SGPGIMS-trained oncologist Dr. Sunil Kumar with extensive experience

• High-precision radiation therapy (IMRT, VMAT, IGRT, Brachytherapy)

• Personalized and evidence-based treatment plans

• Supportive care: nutrition, pain relief, wound care, psychological support

• Dedicated team including gynecologic oncology, medical oncology & pathology

• Patient-friendly environment focusing on dignity and comfort

We aim for complete cure with minimal side effects and improved quality of life.

Life After Treatment

Recovery includes:

• Regular follow-ups

• MRI/CT scans as needed

• Monitoring lymph nodes

• Skin care and wound management

• Sexual health and emotional support

With timely care, many patients lead healthy and fulfilling lives.