Vaginal cancer is a rare type of gynecologic cancer that begins in the cells of the vagina. Early stages often have subtle symptoms, making regular checkups and timely evaluation essential for successful treatment. With modern diagnostic tools and advanced treatment techniques, most patients achieve excellent outcomes.

What Is Vaginal Cancer?

Vaginal cancer occurs when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably in the lining of the vagina. The most common types include:

1. Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Most Common)

Arises from the surface lining, typically seen in older women.

2. Adenocarcinoma

Begins in glandular cells and may occur in younger or older women.

3. Melanoma

A rare form arising from pigment-producing cells.

4. Sarcoma

Develops in the muscular or connective tissue of the vagina.

Each type requires personalized treatment planning.

Risk Factors for Vaginal Cancer

• HPV (Human Papillomavirus) infection

• Increasing age

• History of cervical cancer

• Smoking

• Multiple sexual partners

• HIV infection

• Previous pelvic radiation therapy

• Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN)

Early detection of precancerous lesions greatly improves cure rates.

Signs & Symptoms

Early vaginal cancer may not cause symptoms. When present, symptoms include:

• Abnormal vaginal bleeding (after intercourse or post-menopause)

• Watery or foul-smelling vaginal discharge

• Painful intercourse

• Pelvic or vaginal pain

• A noticeable mass or lump

• Frequent or painful urination

• Constipation (if tumor presses on rectum)

Always consult an oncologist if symptoms persist.

How Is Vaginal Cancer Diagnosed?

At I D Cancer Center, diagnosis is done using advanced, accurate methods:

1. Pelvic Examination

A thorough exam to assess the vagina, cervix, and surrounding organs.

2. Colposcopy

A magnified visual inspection for abnormal cells.

3. Biopsy

Confirms the diagnosis and determines the cancer type.

4. Imaging Tests

• MRI – evaluates depth of invasion

• CT scan – assesses pelvic and abdominal spread

• PET-CT – detects metastasis and lymph node involvement

Stages of Vaginal Cancer

• Stage I: Cancer limited to the vaginal wall

• Stage II: Spread to surrounding tissues

• Stage III: Spread to pelvic wall

• Stage IV: Spread to bladder, rectum, or distant organs

Staging helps decide the best treatment approach.

Treatment Options at I D Cancer Center

We provide personalized, evidence-based treatment to achieve the best possible outcomes.

1. Radiation Therapy (IMRT / VMAT / IGRT / Brachytherapy)

Radiotherapy is often the primary treatment for vaginal cancer.

We use advanced techniques such as:

• IMRT – precise targeting, minimal side effects

• VMAT – faster treatment delivery

• IGRT – superior accuracy

• Brachytherapy – internal radiation for excellent local control

2. Chemotherapy

3. Surgery

• Local excision

• Partial vaginectomy

• Lymph node removal (if needed)

4. Immunotherapy / Targeted Therapy

Used in selected advanced or recurrent cases based on tumor profile.

Why Choose I D Cancer Center for Vaginal Cancer Care?

• Expert Radiation Oncologist: Dr. Sunil Kumar, SGPGIMS-trained

• Advanced radiotherapy facilities: IMRT, VMAT, IGRT, Adaptive RT

• Complete multidisciplinary care: Gynecologic oncology, medical oncology, pathology, radiology

• Personalized treatment designed for each patient

• Compassionate and supportive care environment

• Regular follow-up and survivorship support

We focus on cure, comfort, and maintaining the patient’s quality of life.

Life After Treatment

Most women recover well with proper treatment and support. Long-term follow-up includes:

• Pelvic examinations

• Imaging tests

• Monitoring for recurrence

• Sexual health counselling

• Nutritional and psychological support