Overview

Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) is a cancer of the lymphatic system, an important part of the immune system that helps the body fight infections. HL is distinguished by the presence of a special type of cell called the Reed–Sternberg cell.

The good news is: Hodgkin Lymphoma is one of the most curable cancers, especially when diagnosed early. Modern treatments such as ABVD chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and precision radiotherapy have significantly improved outcomes.

At I D Cancer Center, we provide state-of-the-art diagnosis, PET-CT–based staging, evidence-based treatment, and compassionate care throughout your journey.

---

What Causes Hodgkin Lymphoma?

While the exact cause is unknown, several factors increase the risk:

Risk Factors

• Age: Common in young adults (15–35 years) and after 55

• Family history of lymphoma

• Male gender

• Weakened immune system

• Past viral infections (EBV)

• Autoimmune diseases

Hodgkin Lymphoma is not contagious.

---

Symptoms of Hodgkin Lymphoma

Symptoms may occur slowly and be mistaken for other illnesses.

Common Warning Signs

• Painless swelling of lymph nodes (neck, armpit, groin)

• Unexplained fever

• Night sweats

• Unintended weight loss

• Itching or skin rash

• Persistent fatigue

• Chest pain or cough (if chest nodes are involved)

• Alcohol-induced pain in lymph nodes (rare but classic symptom)

If these symptoms persist for more than 2–3 weeks, medical evaluation is essential.

---

Diagnosis at I D Cancer Center

We follow strict WHO/NCCN guidelines for accurate staging and classification.

1. Clinical Evaluation

• Complete physical examination

• Symptom and risk assessment

2. Diagnostic Tests

• Blood tests (CBC, ESR, LDH)

• Viral testing (HIV/EBV)

3. Imaging

• PET-CT Scan → Gold standard for staging HL

• CT scan (if PET-CT unavailable)

• Ultrasound abdomen

4. Biopsy

• Excisional lymph node biopsy (preferred)

• Histopathology to detect Reed–Sternberg cells

• Immunohistochemistry (CD15, CD30 positivity)

5. Bone Marrow Biopsy

• Done in select cases depending on stage

Accurate staging helps tailor the perfect treatment plan.

---

Treatment Options

Most patients with Hodgkin Lymphoma achieve cure with proper treatment.

---

⭐ 1. Chemotherapy (Primary Treatment)

Most commonly used regimens:

• ABVD (standard regimen)

• A+AVD (Brentuximab-based regimen)

• BEACOPP (advanced-stage disease)

Chemotherapy is highly effective and forms the backbone of HL treatment.

---

⭐ 2. Radiation Therapy

At I D Cancer Center, precision radiotherapy is delivered using:

• IMRT

• IGRT

• VMAT

Radiation is used for:

• Early-stage HL

• Bulky disease

• Residual lesions after chemotherapy

• Symptom relief

Advanced techniques minimize radiation to the heart, lungs, breast tissue, and other healthy organs.

---

⭐ 3. Targeted Therapy

For relapsed or refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma:

• Brentuximab Vedotin (CD30 targeted therapy)

---

⭐ 4. Immunotherapy

Breakthrough options for resistant disease:

• Pembrolizumab

• Nivolumab

These activate the immune system to destroy lymphoma cells.

---

⭐ 5. Stem Cell Transplant

Used in relapsed or difficult-to-treat Hodgkin Lymphoma:

• Autologous stem cell transplant (most common)

We coordinate with transplant centres while offering complete pre- and post-transplant support.

---

Living with Hodgkin Lymphoma

We provide ongoing support to ensure the best quality of life:

• Regular follow-up & PET-CT monitoring

• Infection prevention

• Nutritional guidance

• Psychological counselling

• Fertility preservation counselling (very important for young adults)

• Survivorship and long-term care plans

---

Prognosis

With modern treatments:

• Early-stage HL cure rate: 90–95%

• Advanced-stage HL survival: 70–80%
  Early diagnosis and correct treatment greatly improve outcomes.