Overview Eye Cancer, also called Ocular Cancer, refers to tumors that develop in different parts of the eye, including the retina, choroid, conjunctiva, eyelids, or surrounding structures. Some eye cancers originate within the eye, while others spread from distant organs (metastatic eye cancer). With rapid improvements in retinal imaging, MRI, targeted therapy, and advanced radiotherapy, many eye cancers can be treated successfully—often while preserving vision and eye function. At I D Cancer Center, we provide expert, personalized care for all types of eye cancers using a multidisciplinary approach. Types of Eye Cancer 1. Retinoblastoma (Children) A rare but highly curable childhood eye cancer. 2. Uveal Melanoma (Adults) Arises from melanocytes in the choroid, ciliary body, or iris. 3. Conjunctival Tumors Squamous cell carcinoma Melanoma Lymphoma 4. Eyelid Tumors Basal cell carcinoma Meibomian gland carcinoma Squamous cell carcinoma 5. Orbital Tumors Cancers involving structures around the eye. 6. Metastatic Eye Cancer Often spreads from breast or lung cancer. Causes & Risk Factors Excessive UV exposure Fair skin or light-colored eyes Genetic mutations (including RB1 gene for retinoblastoma) Family history of eye tumors Certain viral infections Weakened immune system Exposure to radiation or chemicals Symptoms of Eye Cancer Symptoms vary with the tumor location. Common warning signs include: General Symptoms Blurred or decreasing vision Dark spots or shadows in vision Eye pain or redness Visible mass or spot on the eye Flashes of light Floaters Bulging of one eye Change in eye shape or position Symptoms in Children (Retinoblastoma) White glow in pupil (leukocoria) Crossed eyes Swelling or redness Poor vision If you or your child experience persistent eye changes, consult an eye cancer specialist promptly. Diagnosis at I D Cancer Center We follow an advanced, multi-step evaluation process: 1. Comprehensive Eye Examination Visual acuity Slit lamp evaluation Fundus examination 2. Imaging Ultrasound of the eye MRI orbit & brain CT scan (selected cases) OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) PET-CT for spread evaluation 3. Biopsy Performed only when necessary: Fine-needle aspiration biopsy Conjunctival lesion biopsy 4. Blood Tests & Genetic Testing RB1 gene analysis (for retinoblastoma) Tumor markers depending on subtype Treatment Options Treatment depends on tumor type, size, spread, and vision status. Our goal is to cure the cancer while preserving sight whenever possible. ⭐ 1. Radiation Therapy Modern, highly precise radiation is a key part of eye cancer treatment. At I D Cancer Center, radiotherapy is delivered with: IMRT IGRT VMAT SRS/SBRT (for selected orbital or metastatic tumors) Benefits: Minimal damage to surrounding structures Improved vision preservation High tumor control rates ⭐ 2. Chemotherapy Used for retinoblastoma and advanced tumors: Systemic chemotherapy Intra-arterial chemotherapy (selected centers) Intravitreal chemotherapy ⭐ 3. Surgery Performed at specialized ophthalmic oncology centers: Tumor excision Eyelid tumor removal Enucleation (eye removal) for advanced cases Orbital surgery (if needed) Postoperative care and adjuvant therapy are coordinated at I D Cancer Center. ⭐ 4. Targeted Therapy Used for: Uveal melanoma (e.g., tebentafusp for HLA-A*02:01 patients) Conjunctival melanoma Metastatic tumors ⭐ 5. Immunotherapy Effective for melanoma-related eye tumors and metastatic disease: Pembrolizumab Nivolumab ⭐ 6. Laser & Cryotherapy For selected intraocular tumors: Laser photocoagulation Cryotherapy (freezing tumors) Living with Eye Cancer We provide complete support to maintain the best possible quality of life: Visual rehabilitation Artificial eye counselling (if enucleation is required) Psychological support Genetic counselling (especially for retinoblastoma families) Long-term follow-up and imaging Early treatment often allows patients to retain useful vision and lead normal lives.