Colorectal Cancer Treatment | I D Cancer Center Lucknow
What Is Colorectal Cancer?
Colorectal cancer develops from the inner lining of the large intestine. Many cases begin as polyps, which can grow slowly and turn cancerous over years.
Colorectal cancer develops from the inner lining of the large intestine. Many cases begin as polyps, which can grow slowly and turn cancerous over years.
Types of Colorectal Cancer
Adenocarcinoma (most common)
Mucinous adenocarcinoma
Signet-ring cell carcinoma
Neuroendocrine tumors
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) (rare)
Adenocarcinoma (most common)
Mucinous adenocarcinoma
Signet-ring cell carcinoma
Neuroendocrine tumors
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) (rare)
Common Symptoms of Colorectal Cancer
Early-stage CRC often has no symptoms. As the disease progresses, symptoms may include:
Blood in stool (fresh or dark)
Change in bowel habits (diarrhea, constipation, narrow stools)
Persistent abdominal pain or discomfort
Unexplained weight loss
Fatigue or weakness
Feeling of incomplete evacuation
Iron deficiency anemia
Mucus in stool
Tenesmus (urge to pass stool despite an empty rectum)
Any persistent bowel symptom should be evaluated immediately.
Early-stage CRC often has no symptoms. As the disease progresses, symptoms may include:
Blood in stool (fresh or dark)
Change in bowel habits (diarrhea, constipation, narrow stools)
Persistent abdominal pain or discomfort
Unexplained weight loss
Fatigue or weakness
Feeling of incomplete evacuation
Iron deficiency anemia
Mucus in stool
Tenesmus (urge to pass stool despite an empty rectum)
Any persistent bowel symptom should be evaluated immediately.
Risk Factors
Age > 45 years
Family history of colorectal cancer
Personal history of polyps
High-fat, low-fiber diet
Obesity and physical inactivity
Alcohol & smoking
Inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s/Ulcerative colitis)
Genetic syndromes (FAP, Lynch syndrome)
Age > 45 years
Family history of colorectal cancer
Personal history of polyps
High-fat, low-fiber diet
Obesity and physical inactivity
Alcohol & smoking
Inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s/Ulcerative colitis)
Genetic syndromes (FAP, Lynch syndrome)
How Colorectal Cancer Is Diagnosed at I D Cancer Center
1. Colonoscopy – The Gold Standard
Direct visualization of the colon & rectum
Immediate polyp removal
Biopsy for confirmation
Direct visualization of the colon & rectum
Immediate polyp removal
Biopsy for confirmation
2. Imaging Studies
CECT Abdomen/Pelvis
MRI pelvis (for rectal cancer)
PET-CT for advanced staging
CECT Abdomen/Pelvis
MRI pelvis (for rectal cancer)
PET-CT for advanced staging
3. Blood Tests
CEA (Carcinoembryonic Antigen) – tumor marker
Complete blood count
Liver and kidney function tests
CEA (Carcinoembryonic Antigen) – tumor marker
Complete blood count
Liver and kidney function tests
4. Pathology & Molecular Testing
RAS, BRAF mutation testing
MSI/MMR profiling for immunotherapy eligibility
Helps personalize treatment plans
RAS, BRAF mutation testing
MSI/MMR profiling for immunotherapy eligibility
Helps personalize treatment plans
Treatment Options at I D Cancer Center
Colorectal cancer treatment is customized through a multidisciplinary tumor board, ensuring optimal results.
Colorectal cancer treatment is customized through a multidisciplinary tumor board, ensuring optimal results.
1. Surgery
Most colorectal cancers are treated with surgery:
Right/left hemicolectomy
Sigmoid colectomy
Low anterior resection (LAR)
Abdominoperineal resection (APR)
Laparoscopic/robotic surgery
Sphincter-preserving surgeries for rectal cancer
Stoma formation, if necessary
Most colorectal cancers are treated with surgery:
Right/left hemicolectomy
Sigmoid colectomy
Low anterior resection (LAR)
Abdominoperineal resection (APR)
Laparoscopic/robotic surgery
Sphincter-preserving surgeries for rectal cancer
Stoma formation, if necessary
2. Chemotherapy
Used for:
Locally advanced tumors
High-risk postoperative cases
Metastatic disease
Common regimens:
FOLFOX
CAPOX
FOLFIRI
Used for:
Locally advanced tumors
High-risk postoperative cases
Metastatic disease
Common regimens:
FOLFOX
CAPOX
FOLFIRI
3. Targeted Therapy
Based on mutation profile:
Cetuximab / Panitumumab (EGFR inhibitors)
Bevacizumab (anti-VEGF therapy)
Based on mutation profile:
Cetuximab / Panitumumab (EGFR inhibitors)
Bevacizumab (anti-VEGF therapy)
4. Immunotherapy
Highly effective for MSI-H / MMR-deficient cancers:
Pembrolizumab
Nivolumab
Highly effective for MSI-H / MMR-deficient cancers:
Pembrolizumab
Nivolumab
5. Radiation Therapy
Especially important in rectal cancer and selected colon cancers.
Advanced technologies available at I D Cancer Center:
IMRT / VMAT
IGRT for daily precision
SBRT for limited metastasis
Preoperative chemoradiation for rectal tumors
Especially important in rectal cancer and selected colon cancers.
Advanced technologies available at I D Cancer Center:
IMRT / VMAT
IGRT for daily precision
SBRT for limited metastasis
Preoperative chemoradiation for rectal tumors
6. Palliative & Supportive Care
Pain control
Management of bowel obstruction
Nutritional support
Psychological support
Stoma care and counseling
Pain control
Management of bowel obstruction
Nutritional support
Psychological support
Stoma care and counseling
Prognosis
Outcome depends on:
Stage at diagnosis
Tumor location (colon vs rectum)
Lymph node involvement
Molecular profile
Response to therapy
Early detection dramatically improves survival, with stage I–II cancers often curable.
Outcome depends on:
Stage at diagnosis
Tumor location (colon vs rectum)
Lymph node involvement
Molecular profile
Response to therapy
Early detection dramatically improves survival, with stage I–II cancers often curable.
Prevention & Screening
Colorectal cancer is one of the most preventable cancers.
Recommended screening:
Colonoscopy starting at age 45
Annual stool tests
Earlier screening for high-risk individuals
Lifestyle changes:
High-fiber diet
Regular exercise
Avoid smoking & alcohol
Maintain healthy weight
Colorectal cancer is one of the most preventable cancers.
Recommended screening:
Colonoscopy starting at age 45
Annual stool tests
Earlier screening for high-risk individuals
Lifestyle changes:
High-fiber diet
Regular exercise
Avoid smoking & alcohol
Maintain healthy weight
Why Choose I D Cancer Center?
Full diagnostic services including colonoscopy & PET-CT
Precision radiotherapy (IMRT/VMAT/IGRT)
Modern chemotherapies & targeted therapies
Tumor board-based individualized treatment
Compassionate patient-centered care
Led by Dr. Sunil Kumar, an experienced Radiation Oncologist
Full diagnostic services including colonoscopy & PET-CT
Precision radiotherapy (IMRT/VMAT/IGRT)
Modern chemotherapies & targeted therapies
Tumor board-based individualized treatment
Compassionate patient-centered care
Led by Dr. Sunil Kumar, an experienced Radiation Oncologist
